Fossil Hunter. Discovered the first documented dinosaur skeleton. Discovered "Ichthyosaurus" or fish-lizard, a long-necked "plesiosaurs," a "pterodactyl" and thousands of other Jurassic fossils. Her contributions provided key insight into Earth’s past and helped frame the theory of evolution, later presented by Charles Darwin.

Driven to end child hunger and break the cycle of poverty, launched "Project FEED." Each product has a number stamped on it to represent the amount of school meals it will feed with purchase. Over 100 million meals provided to date.

17-year old invented a device to diagnose lung disease. Called "Spirometer," it costs just $35. First Place 'Medal of Distinction for Innovation' at the Intel Science Talent Search.

Founder of Gresmex, a nanoparticle-based disinfectant recognized by the World Economic Forum as "disruptive innovation" and by the UN Foundation as “one of the 100 firms that will save humanity.” Nbelyax, her “full-spectrum nano-biomolecule” renders inactive hospital-acquired infections from viruses, bacteria, fungi and spores.

The first woman to discover a comet. Comet "35P/Herschel–Rigollet" is named in her honor. In her lifetime, Herschel discovered three nebulae, eight comets, and catalogued 2,500 nebulae/star clusters. The first woman awarded a 'Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society' and her groundbreaking contributions to astronomy earned her the 'Gold Medal for Science' presented by the King of Prussia.

15-year old invented an electrically charged (or piezoelectric) "leaf" device that harvests clean energy from sun, wind and rain. The innovative device called HARVEST costs just $5. Named 'America’s Top Young Scientist' and winner of 'Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge.'

Helped launch a new paradigm in retail by empowering individuals at the intersection of design and technology, bringing 3D printing into mainstream. Founder of "Shapeways," the leading 3D printing marketplace with 20.000+ entrepreneurs online.

Courageous innovator shifting the status quo of how we view and live with terminal illness. Founder of "Claire’s Place Foundation," providing support to children and families affected by cystic fibrosis (CF).

Coined the term 'embryonic stem cells'. Conducted groundbreaking studies on the isolation of pluripotent stem cells from normal embryos.

Co-discovered element 75, rhenium (one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust).

Bold innovator transformed her life and that of her community. From factory worker, to launching a company at 22-years old, to becoming the world's richest self-made woman ($8.6B net worth). Her company "Lens Technology" is the leading supplier of touchscreen glass covers for Apple and Samsung.

Working with programmable nanoparticles containing chemotherapy treatment, Khashab's novel approach deploys targeted and personalized medicine with a potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. Pioneer work developed nanoparticles that naturally degrade when exposed to light. L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award.

Discovered the "breast cancer gene" (BRCA1), on chromosome 17.

World-renowned neuroscientist. Discovered the cellular basis of working memory. Her pioneer studies of the brain paved the way for understanding schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Exploring the boundaries of photons and “edge states” to recreate graphene in the lab, using light.

23-year old discovered 4 new planets. Her current master's thesis looks to determine the number of Earth-like planets in the entire Milky Way Galaxy. Named 'Forbes 30 Under 30.'

Trailblazer led humanity's expedition to Mars. Her work on the 'NASA Mars Curiosity Rover' mission provided the first close range evidence that the Red Planet was once capable of supporting life.

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering "nuclear shell" structure.

Groundbreaker. Discovered the underlying reason, and ultimately the cure for the deadly disease 'pernicious anemia' (vitamin B12 deficiency).

Founder of JOBDOH, Hong Kong's leading online marketplace for on-demand hiring. In just 3-years the company has grown to include over 5000 employers and 90,000+ registered workers. Inspired by a social mission to reduce poverty and increase income for the underserved, this smart-platform looks to revolutionize the temporary staffing industry.

Daisy Robinton. Molecular & Cell Biology.
Science disruptor "engineering the end of aging." Her current research explores the frontier of gene editing, stem cells and the potential to treat liver cancer.

Disrupting the "EdTech" space by launching "Educatina", an online educational platform for K12 learners with free 24/7 on-demand tutorials. The Argentina company looks to democratize access to world-class education, and today has over 5 million students.

Invented "Chipsafer" a digital system to track animals. The global platform uses sensors to geolocate livestock and can be applied to monitor endangered species and analyze cattle behavior to prevent epidemics.

Sisters from Bolivia turned discarded shells from Brazil nuts into fuel pellets, applicable for domestic and industrial use. The 'pellets' are non-flammable, can be used as fertilizer, and leave zero carbon footprint.

At 17-years old, developed "Sit With Us" an innovative app to combat bullying at school. With over 100,000 users, the device helps teens find someone to sit with at their high school cafeteria.

Founder of biotechnology company "Caribou Biosciences" and the development of an innovative tool called "SITE-Seq," with potential applications ranging from understanding antimicrobial resistance, to spotting when CRISPR (gene editing software) makes mistakes.

Uncovered new genetic links to Alzheimers. Considered one of the world's foremost experts in Alzheimer's research, having identified 30 genes that increase/or decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease. TIME cited her work as "one of the top ten medical breakthroughs of 2009."

Exploring the boundaries of human attention, self control and focus. Developing models to predict individual differences in attention and cognition at the "Fundamentals of the Adolescent Brain (FAB) Lab."

At the forefront of understanding genetic variation in humans, specifically "short tandem repeats." Invented and patented an algorithm that analyze these "repeats" to help scientists understand factors that ultimately lead to human disease.

13-year old invented an acoustic levitation device that can suspend sand particles in mid-air and, without the use of water, clean solar panels and other space equipment.

World expert on the origins of agriculture. Pioneer in cave archaeology (particularly the Mammoth Cave, the longest known cave system in the world). Considered one of "The 50 Most Important Women in Science" and elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Called "the Mother of DNA Vaccines." Her patents include synthetic hepatitis C genes and polynucleotide tuberculosis vaccines. Named one of “The 50 Most Important Women Scientists.”

15-year old invented a biodegradable container that holds clean water and oral rehydration salts (ORS) to save millions of children suffering from diarrhea in her native India. Nair's "Blu Pak" can hold 350ml of safe drinking water and has a separate slot to hold ORS, by shaking the pack, the salts are mixed with water providing a safe and portable solution.

At the frontline of the world’s first Ebola outbreak, igniting the global community to urgently and aggressively respond to the crises and control the spread. President of Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). Named "Top 100 Most Influential People," one of "The World's Greatest Leaders," and awarded The National Order of Quebec.

15-year old's research on toxic algae blooms in Lake Okeechobee caused by agricultural effluent streams (threatening wildlife and 700 species of fish) led to an innovative out-of-the-box solution to use mushrooms to filter the wastewater. Winner "Young Eco-Hero Award."

High School students developed an organic, eco-friendly plant food called "Nutrasafe" using orange and banana peels. Their innovative "vegetarian gel capsules" addresses the environmental concern of traditional fertilizers contributing to water pollution, and provides a safe alternative to increase crop yield. Recipients of the Environmental Protection Agency’s President’s Environmental Youth Awards.

7th grade student developed a novel method to treat and manage amblyopia, a condition that affects 12 million children worldwide. By connecting sensors to an iPhone app and eye patch, Viswesh's device called "Oculus Patch Assistant" tracks head movement, patch use, sharpness of vision and produces an algorithm that suggest a personalized regimen.

8th grade student invented a test to gauge how long emulsions (oil trapped in pockets under the water’s surface) stay stable. The test could help cleanup crews decide on best practices during oil spill and ultimately save marine wildlife. Top Prize 'National STEM Competition Broadcom Masters.'

Demonstrated how an epigenetic marker programs our adult size, and does so as early as 4-days into embryonic development. Her research of the activation of gene "Zdbf2" in the brain, could provide insight into new treatments for childhood growth disorders.

Co-Discovered artificial radioactivity. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

At 17-years old her research explores the frontier of diagnostics and treatment of leukemia, liver cancer, and retinal diseases. Named HuffPost "20 Under 20: STEAM Pioneer."

Leading research to stop "meningococcal meningitis," a bacterial infection that can cause severe brain damage, even death in 50% of cases if untreated. Combining biology and biophysics, Bonazzi is developing methods to control the interactions between a pathogen and its host cell to development new treatments.

Disruptor ending modern slavering by developing statistical models to track human trafficking across the globe. Named Forbes 30 Under 30.

Co-founder of "Walk Free," a global movement to end modern-day slavery. Currently 40 million people live in slavery, 71% are women/girls. Forrest's movement has 7 million supporters and recently inspired the world's religious leaders (including the Pope, a Zen Buddhist master, Sunni and Shiite clerics, the Archbishop of Canterbury and a South American rabbi) to pledge to eradicate slavery by 2020.

At the forefront of cyber security research, emerging technologies and the social implication of "hackers."

Sisters launched "Think Before You Type" to stop cyber-bullying by daring users to practice random acts of kindness.

Founder of 'Callisto,' the first trauma-informed sexual assault reporting platform to detect serial perpetrators.

"Space for the masses." Founder of 'Astro Live Experiences', creating the world’s first artificial meteor shower above Hiroshima in 2019.

Ending the "Doctor-Bride" phenomena. Launched "Sehat Kahani" to democratize healthcare in Pakistan through a national network of stay-at-home female doctors. This online tele-health platform with 800+ doctors, has already benefited 500,000 marginalized women and children.

The first Japanese woman in space.

Built a robotic guide dog for the blind and visually impaired. Globally there are 253 million blind/visually impaired individuals. Sellin launched 'Vixsystem' leveraging sensors, artificial intelligence, and GPS to provide individuals with disabilities greater autonomy, safety and freedom of mobility.

Created the first 100% biodegradable sanitary pad using banana fibers. This socially impactful product called "Saathipads" has zero toxic chemicals and degrades within six months of disposal (1,200 times faster than conventional pads). In India 200 million women/girls (84% of 12-47 year old females) can't afford sanitary pads, resulting in dropping-out of school or work completely.

Mother-Daughter discovered a way to predict epileptic seizures with 25-minutes advanced notice. Their innovative and non-invasive device called 'Epistemic' alerts patients and caregivers with 93% accuracy.

14-year old developed "ReThink," to detect and stop cyberbullying. Her innovative platform alerts users when they type something hurtful or insensitive, empowering adolescents with a second chance to rethink and remove offensive posts (93% success rate).

"The Afghanistan Girls Robotics Team" comprised of six teenagers (14-16 yr old) created an award winning solar-powered robot for use on small-scale farms.

Founder of 'Endodiag', a unique non-invasive diagnostic and biopsy tool to identify and fight endometriosis - a chronic and painful disease that can cause infertility. There is currently no known cure, affects millions of women but receives little attention or research funds.

Invented a safe and low cost energy storage system called "H2GO Power." The design uses an innovative 'porous catalytic material' capable of releasing hydrogen in a controlled manner, resulting in clean mobile energy.

Launched 'THEYA Healthcare products' to help women heal physically and psychologically during and after cancer treatment. Using bamboo as fabric material, the products are environmentally friendly, use no chemical pesticides or synthetic fertilizers to manufacture and are 92%-97% resistant to bacteria - important protection against surgical site infections.

Discovered 'cystic fibrosis' (a genetic disorder that can affect the lungs, pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine). Her pioneer work resulted in the first test to diagnose the disease.

Trailblazer, changing the future of chatbots. Launched "Chatbots for Good" with a goal to introduce a new generation of makers to the importance of empathy, language and conversational interfaces.

FDA reviewer who's courage saved a generation of children. Refused to authorize 'thalidomide' for US market. The drug later proved to cause serious birth defects that affected a generation of children in the UK and Germany where the drug had been approved.

Founder of Piñatex, created a "new material for a new world" by inventing a sustainable, all natural textile made from pineapple leaves. This inspiring cruelty-free material is sourced from agricultural waste (the by-product of pineapple harvest), resulting in additional income for farmers.

Groundbreaking researcher. Now recognized as the first scientist to outline the global greenhouse effect​.​

Developed the rotavirus vaccine, currently applied in 100 countries saving the lives of infants worldwide Also led groundbreaking research in maternal immunization.

Invented a nano-coating technology (Nanobarrier HYDROP) that is eco-friendly, 100% breathable, and non-flammable with significant implications to change the textile industry's legacy of pollution, at the same time protecting clothes and shoes.

Named one of "The World’s 7 Most Powerful Innovators." Led the team that developed Herceptin, a key treatment for breast cancer. Considered the first gene-targeted cancer drug.

Created BLITAB Technology, the world's first tactile tablet for the blind. With over 285 million blind/visually impaired people worldwide, but only 1% of all published books available in Braille, Tsvetanova's innovative solution is accelerating digital and social inclusion.

Transformed her father's balance and mobility struggle by developing "Walk With Path", an innovative shoe insole to reduce the risk of falls. A discrete laser attaches to the shoe, providing feedback to the soles of the feet via vibrations. Benefits of this tech include people with diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s and the elderly.

Launched 'mDoc Healthcare' a mobile platform currently helping over 1 million Nigerians by providing 24/7 access to a virtual and multidisciplinary healthcare team (including doctors, nurses, allied providers) for people living with chronic diseases. mDoc's innovative technology leverages SMS, voice and video to manage daily care and ultimately prevent premature death.

20-year old founded a coding school in Kenya called 'Moringa School' that today places 95% of it's graduates in top tech companies throughout Africa. Compared to the national average of only 1% computer scientist finding jobs, her innovative curriculum is shifting the region's balance.

Founded Coolar, a solar-powered, off-grid and environmentally friendly refrigerator for vaccine storage. In remote regions, 75% of vaccines are at risk of damage - Römer's water-based technology creates a sustainable "cool to heat" solution.

25-year old invented a low cost ($20), ceramic water filter, to stop Uganda's water-borne illnesses that today are the number one cause of death for children under the age of five. Her company SPOUTS’ Purifaaya is the only water filter manufactured in Uganda, made from local materials and lasts up to 2 years. Providing a source of safe water for families, it has currently reached 90,000 homes.

Replacing cash with a digital voucher to enforce transparency and distribution of monetary aid. Her company 'Vouch Digital' optimizes government and organizational support in Uganda's agriculture sector by providing open, online and real-time tracking of funds.

Launched 'Unique Quality Product Enterprise' to leverage Fonio, a sustainable indigenous crop from Ghana that is also drought and flood-resistant. By transforming an almost extinct crop with "extraordinary benefits", Abdulai is disrupting food insecurity, reducing malnutrition among children and pregnant women and offering new opportunities for landless female farmers.

Saving lives by creating an online blood bank available to those in extreme need. At 21-years old, her company 'Infiuss' is changing the Cameroon health landscape by collecting and dispatching donated blood to hospitals with a quick text message.

Changing the world of fabrication. Her inspired startup Nonspec provides innovative "hyper-adjustable", durable and low cost prosthetic limb kits for amputees. Approximately 3 million amputations occur every year. Keaney's unique technology ensures the prosthetics easily adapt to a range of patient sizes and costs $150 (compared to the market range of $20,000).

Courageous change-agent. Invented a non-invasive optical reader (Rubitection) for early bedsore detection. Every year in the US alone, 2.5 million patients suffer from pressure ulcers/bedsores and 60,000 people die as a direct result. Gaspard's hand-held, battery operated device measures the skin to determine if a bedsore is forming - of critical importance to bed-ridden, wheelchair-bound and elderly patients.

Social impactor. Invented a portable, waterless, low cost toilet that requires no electricity or plumbing with the goal to create safer, smarter, more dignified sanitation. (Globally, 2.6 billion people lack safe toilet access. 80% of diseases around the world are attributable to poor sanitation. 20%-40% of girls drop out of school due to inaccessible/inappropriate toilets).

Transforming the future of emergency care. Founder of Twiage, a cloud-based digital platform that sends real-time data from ambulance to hospital. Patients are registered from the ambulance or accident sene using GPS-tracking and a smart phone app. This innovative tech offers hospitals a complete picture of incoming patients and ultimately the benefit of accelerating life-saving care.

Pioneer in spacecraft propulsion. Invented a new rocket engine called a “hydrazine resistojet” that helps keep communication satellites in orbit.

Launched 'LuminAid,' a rechargeable non-toxic solar-powered LED lantern, that floats and can 'collapse to become thinner than a deck of cards.' Provides 30 hours of continuous light. Over 50,000 LuminAid lanterns have been deployed across 70 countries including, to refugees and first responders affected by Hurricane Sandy, Typhoon Haiyan, and the Nepalese earthquakes.

Cofounder of Getaround, a peer-to-peer car-sharing platform with a potential environmental impact to offset 100 million pounds of carbon emissions. At the frontier of a new mind-culture-policy shift, to value 'access' to cars over ownership. Named "A female technology founders to watch."

Visionary researcher. Her contributions set in motion the development of medical technologies like M.R.I.’s, providing key images of internal tissue. Pioneered the use of stable isotopes and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to examine the structure of proteins and the behavior of enzymes in the body. Awarded the National Medal of Science.

Fixing 'broken water projects'. Launched Water Collective, bringing long-lasting, clean water to over 76,000 people living in Africa and India. (In Sub-Saharan Africa alone failed hand pumps represent $1.5 billion in wasted investments. Almost 800 million people live without safe drinking water. The water crisis is amplified to almost 4 billion people counting the number of failed water projects that exist in the developing world.)

Groundbreaking discovery of the cause for underdeveloped lungs in premature babies. Her critical identification of 'surfactant' helped introduce replacement therapy. Avery is credited with saving over 800,000 newborn lives. Awarded the National Medal of Science.

Launched One Concern, a startup that leverages data science and machine learning to assess damage after disasters to make it easier for authorities to respond. Named 'Forbes 30 Under 30.'

World-renowned game designer. Pioneer in location-based and alternate reality/massive multiplayer online gaming. Creator of SuperBetter, impacting over 250,000 players tackling real-life health challenges including, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and traumatic brain injury.

Patented a polymer to enable vaccines survival without refrigeration. (Almost 2 million people die each year from vaccine-preventable illnesses). Also launched a startup that creates intelligent digital displays. Named Forbes "30 Under 30."

Reinventing the approach to hospital disinfection. Cofounder of novel tech called "Vital Vio" a new kind of LED white light with the power to continuously kill germs by attacking a molecule-specific to bacteria, mold, and fungi - all with the flip of a light switch and without damaging the health of human patients.

Culture shifter transforming the 'pink aisle.' Founder of GoldieBlox, launched as a kickstarter campaign today it's an award-winning children’s toy company disrupting gender stereotypes with the world’s first girl engineer character. Named Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship, 1 of 25 “People Shaping Retail’s Future,” and recognized by the National Women’s History Museum with a “Living Legacy” Award.

Founder of Lark, named "Top 10 Most Innovative Apps in the World." Digitizing your health patterns using AI and wearable tech to track sleep, diet, and exercise. Hu's company has the potential to be the world's largest sleep database. Her ultimate goal is to help individuals live and 'sleep' healthy and happy.

Genetics Groundbreaker. Her research on mutation of bacteria provided critical understanding of the mechanisms of DNA repair, an essential process of how all living organisms survive.

Leading the future of Neuroscience. Performed remote simulations of trauma rescues, anesthesia and surgery in Mars analogue-settings. Applied EEG technology to understand what human brains look like when they lose and regain consciousness.

Founded 3D4MD (creating 3D printed medical supplies) and Medical Makers (a global community of innovators, patients and healthcare providers) to build solutions that matter and save lives. Launched "Flu Near You," the world’s largest crowd-sourced flu tracking and vaccine locator platform.

Established a new field called 'neuroendocrinology,' with husband Ernst. Discovered 'nerve-gland cells' in invertebrate species. Her seven-decades of research on the South American cockroach led to critical understanding and breakthroughs in human physiology. Awarded the National Medal of Science.

Her groundbreaking work on comets helped develop our understanding of how the tails develop far from our Sun. Her pioneer research addresses fundamental questions about how earth got its water and how habitable planets are formed. Investigating the origin, history, and evolution of water in the universe.

Pioneer in radioactivity research. Explained and coined the term 'nuclear fission' for the process when uranium splits, releasing a burst of kinetic energy. The synthetic radioactive element "meitnerium" is named in her honor, the only element to take the name of a woman who was not a mythological figure.

18-year old transformed unwanted rice waste into a sustainable building material called "Green Wood" to make low-cost, eco-friendly houses. Winner HP's Social innovation Relay Competition.

Developing a clinical trial to perform in utero stem cell transplantation to cure genetic diseases before birth, including sickle cell anemia and muscular dystrophy. Change-agent focused on improving maternal, fetal, and neonatal health.

17-year old invented a new Ebola test. The "Ebola Assay Card" (EAC) is fast (30-minute), low-cost ($25), visual (results shown as color change) and portable. It's made from paper, silk and small amounts of reagents and detects Ebola viral antigens even when patients lack symptoms. (90% of Ebola victims die without early diagnosis and medical intervention. Current detection methods are expensive and require uninterrupted refrigeration). Hallisey's unique invention can be shipped and stored for a week without refrigeration. Her diagnostic test could also be used for Zika, Lyme disease, and Celiac's disease.

Her legacy: changed the way doctors diagnose cervical cancer and shaped the field of cytopathology. Groundbreaking research led to our understanding of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Provided critical proof that dysplasia is an early marker of cervical cancer. First to find that high-dose estrogen birth control pills increase the rate of cervical cancer by six-fold.

16 year old invents bio-plastic using banana peels, replacing traditional petroleum-based plastic. Winner Google Science Fair.

Safe drinking water. 18-year old used the Moringa seed (found in her native Brazil) to filter contaminated water. The local "Magic Seed" provides a low cost, accessible and biodegradable alternative for recovery of water polluted by chemicals. Google Science Fair Winner.

Pioneer in cell biology and cancer treatment. Studied the cure for melanoma. Advanced our understanding of the skin cells that produce melanin and how those cells become cancerous. Discovered that methotrexate (a chemotherapy drug) effectively treats skin and lung cancer.

Discovered the existence of our ocean's smallest creatures. Completely unknown to science before her discovery, this microscopic bacterium called Prochlorococcus, is responsible for producing over half the oxygen in our planet’s atmosphere. It influences climate and ocean ecosystems. With 80,000 genes (4 times that of humans) it is one of the oldest and most abundant photosynthetic organisms on Earth - a direct descendent of the first photosynthetic cells that pumped oxygen into Earth’s atmosphere over 4 billion years ago.

Pioneer in Child Developmental Psychology. Pivotal research determined that children became aware of their racial identity as early as 3-years old. Provided irrefutable evidence that racial discrimination caused negative self-image and low self-esteem in black children. Her findings greatly influenced 'Brown vs Board of Education' a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregated public schools were unconstitutional.

Creating the future of 'fingermarks'. Leading world expert leveraging mass spectrometry in forensic analysis. Ground-breaking technology provides in-depth analysis of fingerprints at crime scenes (including a person's diet, drugs use and gender).

Discovered the link between high cholesterol and clogged arteries - leading to a better understanding of how heart attacks are caused. Pioneer research on the effects of hypertension (high blood pressure). Conducted critical research on the effects of sugar on arteries, and cigarette smoke in lungs. First African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1947.

14-year old transforms Styrofoam trash into water filters. (The U.S. throws away 1.9 billion pounds of Styrofoam (the brand name of expanded polystyrene/EPS) each year, contributing 25% of U.S. landfill space, and taking hundreds of years to degrade.) The teen-trio (with fellow 8th graders Ashton Cofer and Luke Clay) developed a way to recycle EPS into activated carbon removing significant amounts of iron, copper and chlorine from water. Their innovative 'Styro-Filter' could lower energy and equipment costs, reduce landfill waste and provide affordable access to clean water. Scientific American Innovator Award.

Using crushed aluminium cans, 15-year old innovators from Turkey developed an eco-friendly external wall capable of absorbing powerful impact loads - up to 61%. Their innovation increases the resistance of reinforced concrete buildings protecting homes from bombs and the impact of explosions. Google Science Fair Winners.

Trailblazer. Original research focuses on screening for pulmonary hypertension by using an artificial electronic nose. (Pulmonary hypertension, predominantly found in women, leads to heart failure and 40% of patients die within 5 years of diagnosis).

13-year old invented a bandage that informs doctors when it needs to be changed, speeding the healing process. Math-enthusiast embedded nanoparticles of graphene 'ink-printed into fractal patterns' on a bandage to accurately detect when moisture levels drop. Critical for large wounds that require more precise care to avoid infection.

"Made visible the invisible in photos." Invented a new method to enhance underexposed photographic negatives - significantly improving the quality of astronomical and geological images. A significant breakthrough to peer into deep space and highlight our solar system. National Inventor of the Year - the first woman to receive this honor.

Finding 'the spark of life' - discovered the protein that causes neonatal diabetes.

Cutting-edge tissue engineering. Developed new biomaterial to repair damaged nerve tissue. Pioneer work restores 'lost connections' in the brain transforming stroke, spinal cord injury and blindness.

Invented the windshield wipers. National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Invented frequency-hopping technology. A pioneer in the field of wireless communications. During World War II created an unbreakable code that prevented classified messages from being intercepted.

Her most important work, developed the "SET theory" (symbiotic mergers of bacteria) explaining the origin of cells. Revolutionized the modern understanding of how life began on Earth. Called "perhaps the most important and dramatic event in the history of life." Also co-developed the Gaia hypothesis.

Groundbreaker discovered the structure, dynamics and evolution of galaxies. Linked the brightness of galaxies to the speed of stars and co-discovered the Faber–Jackson relation (a tool for determining distances to external galaxies). National Medal of Science.

Resilient transformer making healthy food available to all. Launched an eco-friendly, probiotic-rich company (EFFI Foods) that leverages anti-inflammatory diets and nutraceuticals. Her personal story was the key to creating a nutrition bar line with non-dairy probiotic and prebiotic (CAREBAR) and the first of its kind legume-based granola (Chickpea Granola).

Develops robots to help people with disabilities. In 2016 her startup Aubot released the world's first commercially-available robot you can move with your brain. Positive impact includes allowing sick children to attend school from their hospital bed. Named 'Young Australian of the Year.'

Creates tiny robots the size of a grain of rice, able to overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Future application for these micro-robots include disaster relief, construction and medical devices.

CleanTech Champ! Her company BlueOak mines e-waste to be reused in new technology. Currently building a refining factory to extract gold, silver and copper from e-waste. Co-Chair, World Economic Forum Council on Advanced Materials.

At 17-years old discovered a chemotherapy drug capable of unmasking cancer cells that also enhances immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

Her bestselling book "Silent Spring" unleashed a national debate resulting in the reversal of pesticide policy and a nationwide ban on DDT. Her work also inspired a grassroots environmental movement that led to the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Identified materials (metal oxides) that could help harness solar power to produce hydrogen as a clean fuel source. The White House Science Fair Young Innovator.

Her critical investigation demonstrated that trauma changes a child's DNA - linking adverse childhood experiences and toxic stress with lifelong risk of health, behavioral and learning problems. Developed a trauma screening tool for pediatricians and launched "the Center for Youth Wellness."

Mother-Daughter team invented a​n​ intravenous catheter shield that increases the safety and ease of​ ​IV ​use.

Launched uBiome, the world's largest citizen-science project that uses big data to understand bacteria by sequencing the microbiome (the trillions of microorganisms on our bodies). Launched SmartGut, the world's first sequencing-based clinical microbiome test. As inventor, has filed over 100 patents.

Discovered the mutations that lower cholesterol levels. Her groundbreaking studies led to the development of a new class of highly effective cholesterol-lowering drugs and new approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular and liver disease.

18-year old created the "Duffily Bag" – a sleeping bag that is lightweight, waterproof, heat retaining, non-flammable and highly reflective to combat homelessness. Using bubblewrap, velcro and waterproof metallic tape to fix some of the key problems with existing cloth bags, Duffy's cheap and durable sleeping alternative is ready for emergency and disaster zones.

Discovered the origin of cells in early embryos that give rise to all tissues, the entire body and the placenta. Her fundamental research informed the development of human pluripotent stem cells. "From embryos to stem cells to personalized medicine" her findings have the potential to treat devastating degenerative diseases.

Transformed the field of Paleontology. Conducted pioneer research on fossil records (the skull anatomy of the earliest lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods from 400 million year old rocks in China) leading to our understanding of how aquatic vertebrates adapted to life on land. Species, fossils, even a dinosaur are all named in her honor.

Her 'DNA nanodevices' (synthetic DNA strands engineered to have artificial function)s, have been successfully used to map the going-ons inside living cells. Her new company Esya looks to diagnose lysosomal disorders, (rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children).

Pioneer work harnessing light to treat cancer. Named a "Top 10 Most Influential Woman in Science and Technology in Africa."

"Waste Warrior" and inventor of 'Green Steel' demonstrated that plastic/rubber waster can replace coal in steelmaking. Her innovation to recycle tires prevented 2 million rubber-parts from entering Australia's landfill. Today her micro-factories turn trash into treasure by transforming e-waste from mobile phones into useful materials.

The guardian of biodiversity. Developed the criteria to measure species extinction risk, used today by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for their Red List of Threatened Species, the world's authority on conservation.

Her groundbreaking research led to the development of drugs that treat epilepsy, malaria and cancer. A world-class chemist and leading authority on phytomedicine. India's first female Doctorate of Science.

Pathfinders, at 17 and 18 years old travelled to Antarctica and identified bacterial strains with the potential to clean up oil spills.

"Making Water Safe." At 17-years old invented a water quality app to accurately determine bacteria content in water. Her invention determines contamination levels with top accuracy (65%-organic material and 80%-inorganic material), and was found 200x cheaper than standard testing procedures.

Discovered the world’s most-effective malaria-fighting drugs (artemisinin also known as qinghaosu and dihydroartemisinin). Considered a significant breakthrough in 20th century tropical medicine, saving millions of people living in South Asia, Africa and South America. The first person in China to win a Nobel Prize in Medicine.

At 16-years old invented a new water filtering system using sand and bacteria to remove oil/toxic waste and recover water for reuse. Could have major benefits to global environmental efforts.

Called "China's Bird Flu Warrior" her transformative research on the virus that causes avian influenza or bird flu, led to the development of an effective vaccine.

19-year old invented the 'Hollow Flashlight', which runs off the heat of the human hand. Also created 'eDrink', a mug that converts heat from your drink into an electric current to charge your phone. Passionate about harvesting surplus energy.

Leading expert on dendritic cells. First scientist to prove these cells could be treated outside the body and reintroduced into the organism to stimulate immune system response. Her breakthrough discovery launched a new anti-cancer treatment.

Building the 1st universal communicator – a smart platform that combines machine learning and cognitive AI to give users seamless access to people, services, things. At 17-years old became the youngest college graduate to raise 1M for her company Entify (today 18M raised). Her tech could become “the holy grail of unification of services and channels of communication.”

At the leading-edge of understanding "dengue fever" - a deadly virus spread by mosquitos affecting 390 million people a year. Considered one of the most important human viral pathogens of our time, there is currently no vaccine or treatment available.

Plant Pathology. Called a "Hero in the Field." Her pioneer work in the scientific study of insects has transformed our understanding of pests, drought and climate change. Named one of 10 Most Influential African Women in Agriculture.

Determined the chemical composition of nebulae, including the Orion Nebula which showed similarities to our own Sun. Her findings are considered essential to our understanding of the beginning of the cosmos and the evolution of stars and galaxies.

18-year old developed a mobile app "White Water" that detects contaminated water with a 95% accuracy rate. Over 60% of all preventable deaths are caused by water-borne diseases, like malaria and schistosomiasis. Lin's invention lets users determine the microbial content of their water in seconds.

Called the "Bacteria Whisperer" discovered bacteria communicate and coordinate their behavior. Applications of her breakthough research includes development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics.

"No More Thirsty Crops." 16-year old invents a biodegradable super-absorbent polymer using orange peels and avocado skins to fight South Africa's drought crisis. The material is capable of storing reserves of water 100x its own weight. Potential to revolutionize farming in water-scarce areas.

Student. 16-year old developed FacePrint, a tool to diagnose and monitor Parkinson’s disease. Requiring only a computer and webcam, FacePrint offers an inexpensive, remote tool to detect early stage Parkinson within milliseconds.

Discovered the genetic causes of two rare brain disorders: spinocerebellar ataxia and Rett syndrome (a brain disorder that occurs almost exclusively in girls, appearing 6 months after birth affecting the child's ability to speak, walk, eat, and even breathe easily). Her critical work has laid the groundwork for targeted therapies for Alzheimer's and autism.

Pioneer of mammalian genetics and embryology (first successful in-vitro implantation of mouse embryos, carried to term). Her findings led advances in human IVF and fertility treatments. Cofounded the Frozen Ark, a repository of genetic material from endangered animals.

Solved a 400-year math conjecture surrounding 'the sphere-packing problem' in dimension 8 and 24. Her remarkable work has applications in wireless communication and space probes.

Discovered how plants optimize their growth and transform sunlight into chemical energy. Her research is a major breakthrough to combat global warming, with a potential to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by 50%.

Founded a personal genetics company (23&Me) that has transformed the future of health. Over 3-million individuals have accessed their health ancestry because of her company.

At the forefront of 3D BioPrinting. Created "bio-inks" to build tissues, an area of research she pioneered while getting her PhD. Named Forbes 30 under 30.

Invented an affordable and portable solar-powered irrigation system so farmers can cultivate year-round. The centrifugal pump has x3 the efficiency of similar-size diesel pumps and can be powered by just 1/3 as many photovoltaic panels. The impact of her work could positively impact 30 million farmers in East India.

Pioneering noninvasive medical imaging techniques for early cancer detection and to visualize blood vessels during neurosurgeries. Innovative integration of optics, acoustics and robotics could significantly improve patient care.

Creating a new class of biomedical electronics: a wearable sensor that detects skin cancer and a first-of-its kind, flexible energy harvester that uses the movement of organs to send power directly to devices like pacemakers, implantable defibrillators and cardiac monitors.

Created 'Insight Alert' a medical device capable of detecting and preventing septicemia. Neonatal sepsis kills 1 million newborn babies every year. Martinez invented a smart waterproof bandage, that is disposable and changes color in reaction to the wound it covers. Potential to save millions of lives.

Created a novel algorithm to predict the patients most at risk for sepsis, a life threatening reaction to infection. Correctly predicted septic shock in 85% of cases, within 1-day of onset at 60% improvement over current screening tests.

Her code (named HARVEY) simulates blood flow in the human body. The impact includes better understanding of human diseases from atherosclerosis to cancer, to scanning newborns with heart problems.

Developing artificial skin. The ultimate goal: to create electronic material that mimics human skin - sensitive to touch, able to flex, stretch, biodegrade and self-heal. Applied to prosthetics, robots and sensors increasing a patient's quality of life.

Building the world’s smallest fluid channel to transform filtration of water and gases. Exploring the applications of atomic scale nanocapillaries.

Invented a revolutionary soap crayon to reduce infant mortality by promoting handwashing in children aged 3 to 6. Their overall goal is to prevent the annual deaths of 1.5 million children from infectious illnesses.

Launched wearable technology device to solve addiction. By combining machine learning, behavioural psychology and wearable tech the software automatically detects addictive behaviour, predicts indulgence and delivers clinically validated interventions. Named Forbes 30 under 30.

A scientific first: pioneered a new biomimetic conduit resembling blood vessets that does not clot and is easily reabsorbed by the body. Her work could significally impact the cardiovascular field.

Developing bio-hybrid systems to build muscle powered robots. Creating long-lasting capsules to safely deliver drugs to the stomach, and brain. At the forefront of blending biology and synthetic material. Named Forbes 30 under 30 and AAAS L’Oreal USA for Women in Science Fellow.

Developed a mobile app to quickly and cheaply diagnose HIV. The diagnostician enters the phone number of the patient and the code of the test being performed - reducing cost, travel and removing social stigma. MIT Innovator under 35.

Space debris tracker. 18-year old developed a computer program using artificial neural networks that predicts the future path of space junk with 98% accuracy. Named Forbes 30 under 30.

Her invention turned farm waste into clean-burning charcoal. MacArthur "genius" grant recipient. First woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Prize.

Discovering how chemical changes in the brain during adolescence can result in anxiety disorder spikes for teens. Her work leverages behavioral, molecular, and genetic techniques to understand the developing brain.

"Poet of Code" driving compassion through computation. Founded the Algorithmic Justice League to fight bias in Machine Learning. MIT researcher, Rhodes Scholar, Fulbright Fellow, Google Anita Borg Scholar, Astronaut Scholar, The White House and Vatican speaker, Carter Center technical consultant.

Designed a new type of catheter capable of imaging heart muscle. The technology could impact how physicians pinpoint the source of irregular heart rhythms without invasive biopsies.

Inventor of Caia, the world’s 1st portable and affortable robot delivering natural sunlight to your home. World Economic Forum's Global Shaper, MIT's Young Global Innovator, European Union’s Top 50 most influential women in startups.

Pioneer calculations helped launch GPS (Global Positioning System) revolutionizing travel and forever impacting every industry in the world today.

Neuroscientist, Pharmacologist. Discovered ‘opiate receptor’ – the cellular binding site for endorphins in the brain, the body's natural painkillers.

The first African American woman to travel in space.

Considered the world's first computer programmer.

Leading "pathbreaker" in natural language processing (NLP). Designed a framework operating 100 million translations a day.

Mapped the structure of ribosomes. A critical discovery in the production of antibiotics.

Pioneered the system for cataloging stars. Classified over 200,000 stars.

Launched Coursera, the world’s largest online education platform.

Discovered HIV. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Discovered the genes that govern our sense of smell. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Discovered "grid cells" - the way our brain maps the places we have been and where we are now.

Discovered the virus 'lambda phage' that infects E. coli. Confirmed bacteria mutate randomly and acquire resistance to antibiotics.

Discovered the cause of type 2 diabetes.

Discovered the sun is made of hydrogen and helium.

Launched a non-invasive wireless medical device that reads the human brain and treats chronic pain.

Launched a computer interface that reads brainwaves and moves objects with mere thought.

Mapped the ocean floor. Discovered “the backbone of earth.”

Pioneered a new field called 'directed evolution.' First to engineer entirely new proteins never before seen in nature.

The world's foremost expert on chimpanzees. Discovered how chimps make/use tools. “The woman who redefined [hu]man.”

Demonstrated 'evolution in action' in Galápagos finches. Forever changed biology and ecology.

Artificial Intelligence influencer, produced one of the first computer vision models capable of generating human-like sentences to describe an image it "sees.” Co-Founder, AI4All. Over 100 scientific articles published. Named Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers.

Zoologist and Master Brewer. Biotech pioneer contributed to the global understanding and development of new enzymes. Led an industry shift from applying polluting chemicals to eco-friendly enzymes. Founder of Biocon, Asia's largest insulin producer. $2.4 billion net worth, India's richest self-made woman. Othmer Gold Medal recipient.

Developed 'celloidosomes' a new 3D cell structure organized by cell self-assembly process. 18-year old holds 7 patents. Her discovery could fundamentally alter organ regeneration and neural tissue transplantation.

Discovered a particular nanoparticle that can detect and fight cancer. Winner Intel International Science & Engineering Fair, National Siemens Competition and White House Science Fair presenter.

Trailblazer leads the future of food production with novel solution to end world hunger. Discovered a cost-effective plant cloning process called ​'glass bead liquid culture technology​'​. ​Potential global ​impact to propagate cloned plants with ​100% survival rate ​at ​98% cost.​ Global Female Innovator Award​.

Developed the first immunosuppressive drug used for organ transplant. Conducted pioneer research targeting pathogens without harming the host cells. Discovered new drugs for leukemia, malaria and AIDS. First woman inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

​Sequenced the genome of the Ebola virus confirming the spread was human to human (not via mosquito or pig). The first use of real-time DNA sequencing​ during a pandemic. ​National Academy of Sciences Award and ​T​IME Magazine​'s​ ​2015 ​Person of the Year.​

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery that chromosomes are protected during cell division by telomeres​,​ and by the enzyme telomerase. Their research transformed our understanding of death and aging.

Founder, Project STEAM. 15-year old invented a turbine called BEACON converting ocean current into energy​,​​ and access to clean water. ​Winner​ Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge​.​

​T​ransform​ed​ plastic into biofuel by identifying a catalyst called aluminosilicate. The breakthrough trash-to-fuel formula can be done cheaply, without emitting toxic gases. ​Potential $78 million clean energy ​production ​annually. European Fusion Development Agreement Award.

Code name Little Flying Knight. Air Force Major and member of the space mission Shenzou 9 becomes China's first female astronaut (or "taikonaut") and first woman in Space.v

Known as "the First Lady of Physics.” Contributed to the Manhattan Project by developing a process to enrich uranium ore as fuel for atomic bombs. Made history with the Wu experiment, using cobalt-60 she disproved the hypothetical law of conservation of parity. National Women's Hall of Fame and National Medal of Science recipient.

Known for her landmark contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Described by Albert Einstein, and others as the most important woman in the history of mathematics.

Pioneer of modern neuroscience. Produced the first scientific evidence of anatomical neuroplasticity, changing forever the way we understand the brain. Discoverd a link between positive thinking and immune health. Conducted research on Albert Einstein's brain finding one of the first key differences in the scientific genius' brain; it had more glial cells per neuron than the average male brain.

Pioneered nonspeech auditory interfaces from graphical interfaces to enable blind computer users to work with modern computer applications. Leading researcher in human-computer interaction, ubiquitous computing, health informatics, and assistive technology. Over 100 scientific papers published and four patents awarded.

Jane Chen, Economics/MBA. Co-founder of Embrace, an infant warmer for premature and low birth-weight babies. Product cost is 1% of a traditional incubator. Estimated over 150,000 babies helped. Awards include World Economic Forum's Young Global Leader, Forbes' Imapct 30, Economist Innovation Award.

Solange Massa, MD/PhD. Created a "liver on a chip" to substitute animal trials for studying drug toxicity.

In 1859 invented and patented a system of red, white, and green "Pyrotechnic Night Signals" called the Coston Flare. Her pioneer work was a critical communications tool for the U.S. Navy. Impact includes saving thousands of lives by signaling ships, warning of dangerous coastal conditions, and summoning rescuers to a wreck scene. Inducted to the National Inventors Hall of Fame

Discovered the first free-floating brown dwarf, a new type of celestial body between a star and a planet. Her observations could answer if there is life on other planets. Also helped calculate the age of the Milky Way’s Disk at approx. 8 billion years!

Discovered a novel way to track the spread of malaria in Kenya by studying cell phone data. An infectious-disease epidemiologist, her innovative work has the potential to impact how public officials control pandemics/health outbreaks around the globe.

Planetary Geologist. Discovered the Chicxulub crater that caused the extinction of 50% of the world’s species (including dinosaurs) 66 million years ago. Currently leading missions to Jupiter, Pluto and Venus. Aims to secure the first asteroid sample. Named one of the 50 Most Important Women in Science by Discover Magazine.

Theoretical Astrophysicist. One of the first to propose ways to discover dark matter. Developed the theaory of a new star, 'dark star.' Her pioneer research, if successful could be the first time anyone has ever observed dark matter directly.

Astrophisicist. Discovered 715 new planets. Driven to find another Earth. Recognized by Popular Science, Discover Magazine, Nature, TIME Magazine and awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

Biomedical Engineer. Co-Founder of EpiBone, the first in the world to use a patient’s stem cells to grow human bone. Her work could impact how 900,000 surgeries are performed every year.

Considered one of the most prominent neuroscientists in brain mapping in the world. Potential impact includes unprecedented insight on how the human brain is organized, drives behavior and combats depression, addiction, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease.

First woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win the award in two different fields— physics and chemistry

Developing a drug to prevent depression and PTSD – could be one of the biggest discoveries in mental health the 1950s.

Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were the first to propose that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used for programmable gene editing, an idea that has been used for applications ranging from fundamental protein research to treatments for diseases including sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and HIV.

Named a top young innovator of 2003 by MIT Technology Review. Research focused on humanized intelligence, the process of embedding human cognitive capability into the control path of autonomous systems.

Founder of Celmatix, and fertility-prediction software Polaris - leverages big data and a share-economy to distrupt infertility.

The ‘Mother of modern medicine’. Her cancer cells sourced HeLa – the first immortalized cell line. One of the most important cell lines in medical research. 11,000 patents involve HeLa cells. Scientific breakkthroughs include: polio vaccine, AIDS and HPV/cervical cancer research, IVF, gene mapping, cloning, the first to orbit Space, and discovery of 46 chromosomes.

Industrial Organizational Psychologist. Designed a new method of measuring human potential –something traditionally measured through self-report. Founder of Dexter, AI to solve technological unemployment and help individuals find meaningful work.

The first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale. Expert on blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe.

Trailblazer on particle physics, cosmology and the string theory. Her work at attempting to explain the fabric of the universe led to models outlining the extra dimensions of space.

Invented the thermoelectric power generator, and the first 100% solar-powered house. Inducted to the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Co-Founder of Frontiers, an open-access academic publisher credited as the first to make freely available scholarly research entirely online. Autism researcher co-developed the “Intense World Theory of Autism.”

Inventor of Kevlar. The para-aramid synthetic fiber is 5x stronger than steel. Used in body armor, musical instruments, bulletproof vests, bicycle tires, tennis rackets, racing sails.

Pioneering chemist. Her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) led to the discovery of the DNA double helix. Also led foundational discoveries in RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal and graphite.

After losing her sight, this pioneer developed a way to represent complex data about our universe as sound, making science more inclusive for those with differences.

Inventor of Buzzy, a bee-shaped device that takes the sting out of shots using high frequency vibrations and cold. Creator of BARF nausea scale for children, and an algorithm to measure the timing of child abuse. Wall Street Journal “Idea Person,” Georgia Bio Innovative CEO of the Year, Medical Design Excellence Award.

Founder @BlackGirlsCode. Rebooted diversity in STEM by founding "Black Girls Code", to teach programming, coding and website/robot/mobile application-building. Her goal is to “train 1 million girls by 2050 and become the ‘girl scouts’ of technology."

Nobel Prize in Medicine. Discovered a protein regulating cell (NGF) that revolutionized the way scientists research embryonic disorders like Alzheimer's and tumors.

The First Female Private Space Explorer. Sponsored the Ansari X Prize a $10million cash award for the first non-governmental organization to launch a manned spacecraft into space. World Economic Forum Young Global Leader.

Trailblazing neuroscientist who shrunk the human brain by 14 billion neurons—and developed a new way to count them.

Developed the world’s first single atom transistor.

One of the world’s foremost authorities on the genetics of aging. Discovered that a single-gene mutation (Daf-2) could double the lifespan of C. elegans and that neurons and germ cells can control the lifespan of animals.

Breakthrough research with subatomic particles impacted the portable fax, touch-tone telephone, solar cells, fiber-optic cables, caller ID and call waiting.

Founder Open Bionics. Winner of Intel’s ‘Make it Wearable Challenge.’ Building 3D printed, affordable, fully customized bionic limbs for amputees worldwide

Co-created the first autonomous drone delivery network – a new paradigm for transportation. These unmanned aerial vehicles refuel and reload by themselves, delivering blood and pathology samples to labs.

U.S. Navy Rear Admiral, Mathematician, Computer Scientist. First Female recipient of The National Medal of Technology. Coined the terms “bug” and “debugging.” Invented the world's first compiler, leading to COBOL – one of the 20th century’s most widely used computer languages.

The “Queen of Carbon Science.” Presidential Medal of Freedom. Pioneer in graphite, thermoelectrics and carbon nanotubes.

VocaliD. The world’s first crowdsourced and personalized digital voice for the speech impaired.

Virologist and Molecular Biologist. First scientist to clone HIV and genetically map the virus. Named one of the "Top 100 Living Geniuses."

The First Women in Space! Groundbreaker: Orbited the Earth 48 times.

Stem Cell Isolation. Patent holder of novel process to isolate human stem cells – considered vital to cancer research today.

Founder of SiriusXM Satellite Radio, GeoStar, United Therapeutics. Launched a $5 billion dollar biotech company to discover new orphan-drug therapies.

15-year-old creator of Pillminder, sensor technology to track medication intake. Youngest recipient of the Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award.